心肌炎
什么是心肌炎?
心肌炎 is a serious yet rare condition where inflammation develops in the myocardium, the middle muscular layer of the heart wall.
心肌炎 can weaken the heart 和 its electrical system. As a result, the heart’s ability to pump blood is reduced.
The condition may be acute 和 resolve quickly , or it may be subacute or chronic, lasting up to three months. In severe cases, myocarditis may lead to 心脏衰竭 或死亡.
Commonly a viral infection (such as the flu), bacterial infection (such as staph or strep) or fungal infection (such as c和idiasis) can lead to myocarditis. Medications, autoimmune disorders 和 toxic substances can also cause it.
What are the symptoms of myocarditis?
People with myocarditis don’t always have symptoms. Others have mild or severe signs, such as:
- Fatigue or exercise intolerance
- 呼吸急促（气促）
- 发热
- 胸部疼痛
- Hard, rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Lightheadedness or fainting
- Flu-like symptoms including headache, body ache, joint pain or sore throat
Some cases of myocarditis can 感觉像心脏病发作. Seek emergency medical help right away for unexplained chest pain or shortness of breath.
How is myocarditis diagnosed 和 treated?
A health care professional is needed to diagnose myocarditis. They will do a physical exam 和 get the patient’s medical 和 family history. In addition, other procedures are used to diagnose the condition, including:
心肌炎 treatment targets symptoms 和 the underlying cause if it is known. Those with mild myocarditis may need only rest 和 medication. People with severe cases may need lifelong medication, implanted devices or other surgeries.
保持健康
Proper heart function can be supported by lifestyle changes. 其中包括 减少钠的摄入,避免 酒精 和 戒烟. People with myocarditis are often advised to avoid competitive sports while active inflammation is present.
心肌炎和COVID-19
Health organizations such as the Centers for Disease Control 和 Prevention (CDC) continue to monitor whether myocarditis is linked to COVID-19. The CDC stated that myocarditis after the COVID-19 vaccine is rare. 心肌炎 was reported at a higher rate than expected among some people who received the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, 根据一项研究. Most of the suspected myocarditis cases in that study developed after the second dose. Another study found that 20% of people hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection developed new onset myocarditis, which greatly increased mortality 和 ventilation rates.
